
Importance
Gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis has a poor prognosis, and survival with commonly used regimens, such as intravenous paclitaxel plus S-1 (an oral fluoropyrimidine), remains limited. Whether intraperitoneal paclitaxel, which achieves high drug concentrations in the peritoneal cavity, can improve survival has not been established in a phase 3 randomized clinical trial.
Objective
To determine whether adding intraperitoneal paclitaxel to intravenous paclitaxel plus S-1 improves overall survival in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis.
Design, setting, and participants
This multicenter, open-label, randomized phase 3 superiority clinical trial (DRAGON-01) was conducted in 9 hospitals in China. Enrollment went from May 2017 to March 2022, and the data cutoff was March 11, 2025. The trial included adults with gastric adenocarcinoma and laparoscopically confirmed peritoneal metastasis without extraperitoneal metastases or prior systemic therapy.
Interventions
The IP group received paclitaxel, 50 mg/m2, intravenously plus 20 mg/m2, intraperitoneally on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle, with oral S-1, 80 mg/m2, once per day on days 1 to 14. The PS group received paclitaxel, 70 mg/m2, intravenously on days 1 and 8, with S-1 80, mg/m2, once per day on days 1 to 14.
Main outcomes and measures
The primary end point was overall survival. Secondary end points included progression-free survival and safety.
Results
Among 222 treated patients (median [IQR] age, 59 [48-66] years; 104 [46.8%] female individuals and 118 [53.2%] male individuals), median (IQR) follow-up was 72.2 (50.8-80.2) months. Of 246 who were assessed, 238 (96.7%) were randomized 2:1 to receive intraperitoneal and intravenous paclitaxel plus oral S-1 (IP group) or intravenous paclitaxel plus S-1 (PS group); 222 (90.2%) received treatment (primary analysis). Median overall survival was 19.4 months (95% CI, 17.1-22.9) in the IP group and 13.9 months (95% CI, 10.3-16.1) in the PS group (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50-0.90; P = .01). Median progression-free survival was 11.2 months (95% CI, 9.3-14.0) vs 7.2 months (95% CI, 5.7-11.6) (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.96). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 57 (38.5%) in the IP group and 31 (41.9%) in the PS group; no treatment-related deaths occurred.
Conclusions and relevance
The results of this randomized clinical trial of patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis suggest that adding intraperitoneal paclitaxel to intravenous paclitaxel plus S-1 significantly improved overall survival without increasing severe toxic effects, potentially providing an encouraging signal for IP therapy in first-line treatment of gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis.
Trial registration
chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR-IIR-16009802.
研究重要性
伴有腹膜转移的胃癌患者预后较差,静脉紫杉醇联合替吉奥(一种口服氟嘧啶类药物)等现有常规治疗方案仍难以带来显著的生存获益。紫杉醇腹腔内给药可提高药物在腹腔内的局部浓度,但其能否进一步改善患者生存,尚缺乏Ⅲ期随机临床试验的证据支持。
研究目的
探讨在静脉紫杉醇联合替吉奥治疗基础上加用腹腔内紫杉醇,能否进一步改善伴有腹膜转移的胃癌患者的总生存期。
研究设计、研究地点与受试者
本研究为一项多中心、开放、随机对照Ⅲ期优效性临床试验(DRAGON-01),在中国的9家医院开展。患者入组时间为2017年5月至2022年3月,数据截止日期为2025年3月11日。研究纳入经腹腔镜证实存在腹膜转移、无腹膜外转移,且既往未接受系统治疗的成年胃腺癌患者。
干预措施
腹腔内治疗组(IP组)接受静脉紫杉醇(50 mg/m²,第1天和第8天给药)、腹腔内紫杉醇(20 mg/m²,第1天和第8天给药)联合替吉奥(80 mg/m²,第1-14天口服给药)治疗。PS组接受静脉紫杉醇(70 mg/m²,第1天和第8天给药)和替吉奥(80 mg/m²,第1-14天口服给药)治疗。两组均以21天为一个治疗周期。
主要结局指标
研究主要终点为总生存期。次要终点包括无进展生存期和安全性。
研究结果
共222例患者接受治疗,中位年龄59岁(IQR: 48–66岁),其中女性104例(46.8%),男性118例(53.2%),中位随访时间为72.2个月(IQR: 50.8–80.2个月)。在246例接受筛选评估的患者中,238例(96.7%)按2∶1比例随机分配至腹腔联合静脉紫杉醇+口服替吉奥组(IP组)和静脉紫杉醇联合替吉奥组(PS组),其中222例(90.2%)实际接受治疗并纳入主要分析。IP组和PS组的中位总生存期分别为19.4个月(95% CI: 17.1–22.9个月)和13.9个月(95% CI: 10.3–16.1个月),IP组死亡风险降低33%(HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50–0.90, P = 0.01)。IP组的中位无进展生存期为11.2个月(95% CI: 9.3–14.0个月),显著长于PS组的7.2个月(95% CI: 5.7–11.6个月,HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54–0.96)。IP组57例(38.5%)和PS组31例(41.9%)患者发生3~4级不良事件。两组均未出现治疗相关死亡。
研究结论与临床意义
本项随机对照临床试验结果表明,对于伴有腹膜转移的胃癌患者,在静脉紫杉醇联合替吉奥治疗基础上加用腹腔内紫杉醇,可在不增加严重毒性反应的前提下显著改善患者总生存期。该结果为腹腔内治疗用于胃癌腹膜转移的一线治疗策略提供了积极的证据支持。
研究注册
本研究已在中国临床试验注册中心(ChiCTR: chictr.org.cn)注册,注册号为ChiCTR-IIR-16009802。








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